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INTRODUCTION Crime is an act or omission prohibited and punished by law (The Collins apothegmatic Dictionary Plus, Collins London and Glasgow 1990). Crime feces be act against a someone, place or company. In this essay 4 types of plagues pull up stakes be explained, defined and pulsed, along with prevalence and offender/victim peculiaritys. How do we define post wickednesss, lurid hatreds, skilled nuisances and profit abuses? Property evils argon defined and categorised as household and vehicle theft, burglary, arson, theft including shoplifting, peck at pocketing, bag snatching, graffiti and vandalism angry crimes, being homicide, kidnapping/abduction, enthral, internal assault, stalking, domestic rage and child abuse against a soulfulness pink-collar crimes defined as crimes or activities that include theft, fraud, deception, embezzlement harmful demeanours, environmental or health and safety hazards Internet crimes consisting of cyber-crimes, piracy, fra uds, identity theft, cyber-stalking, computer hacking and nauseate/harmful speech and obscene imagery.Also read Essay swipe TheftWhat atomic number 18 dimension crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? Example of post crimes is breaking into a car and the stealing of a mobile phone, go against into a spot to commit an offence or the siteting of fuel to property. Unlike Property crimes, violent crimes are pull against a person and as much(prenominal) explained as the indecent assault of a person/s against their will, fetching a life with or without intent to kill, taking of a person against their will or threats, force or violence against person. In general there is no taked definition for white-collar crime. Rather, the term covers a range of criminal activities or breach of regulatory activities undertaken by highly regarded professionals/educated professional in positions of trust such(prenominal) as employer provides inadequate working condi tions causing serious individual(prenominal) smirch to employees or company director misleads shareholders about its financials and continues to operate regardless of its unfitness to pay debt.Internet crime is explained as the unauthorised access of and taking of financial records or sabotage of a persons computer, illegal downloading of movies or songs and bogus websites set up to entice the unsuspecting person to give access to their personal details and accounts. How do we measure property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? We tail measure detected and reported property crime via administrative entropy.Administrative data gives a high level of property crime describe, mainly because there is less fear or shame from reporting of property crimes and in any case police reports are often required for insurance reporting requirements. Its limitation is it does not encompass undetected and unreported crime cognize as the dark figure of crime (Col eman & Moynihan, 1996). Detected and reported violent crime can be measured using administrative data. gaga crime can excessively be measured by development and researcher surveys where victims do not report crime for various reasons such as victims often knowing the offender and/or fear of reprisal.The Australian Bureau of Statistics Administrative data on crime victimisation can be derived from a number of sources including police, hospitals and community service agencies. Internet crimes sport considerable lower reporting under administrative data collect to the non detection or victims unaware they have been a victim of net income crime. We can measure internet crime by surveys such as victimization surveys or measurement against the ongoing extent of the crime.White-collar crime with the exclusion of fraud under criminal law is extremely difficult to measure due to the complexity of each crime/activity, some activities are regarded as regulatory and not criminal and the interpretations of a crime/activity can be perceived differently among victims. This type of crime/activity is loosely pick outed up by regulatory audits, routine checks and investigation units such as specialized crime departments, police fraud or relevant regulators. irrespective of the different types of data and surveys available, no one reporting measure gives a true indicative picture of crime.How do we gather data on property crimes, violent crimes, white-collar crimes and Internet crimes? Reported property crime and violent crime data can be gathered by using official crime statistics, police reports, corrective service reports, high, magistrates and childrens courts of Australia, reports and insurance reports. Undetected and unreported data for violent crime data can be gathered via qualitative methods and quantitative surveys. Some examples of such are The National Youth Survey, The Rand Tri-State Inmate Survey, The Liverpool Desistance Study, Snowball sampling, organi zational and observational data.Researchers also gather data from past, present and/or incarcerated offenders as salutary as the general public which provide information not moreover about the prevalence of undetected and unreported crime scarcely why people commit crimes. Gathering data on internet crime is difficult. Surveys such as the 2005 Australian computer crimes and security survey, conducted by AusCERT, Australian High Tech Crime Centre and various posit, territory and federal official police agencies provide an indicative sample.Researchers gather data from white-collar crimes through administrative data such as criminal fraud reports, victimization surveys, state and territory police agencies as well as the Australian Payments Clearing Association. Apart from fraud, gathering data on white-collar crime is extremely difficult as most victims dont report. What crime/activities have occurred is gathered via reports from police and security agencies and government report s. Some activities are written off by the victim in the hope that the behaviour/incident is not repeated.What do we know about the typical offenders and victims of property crime, violent crime, white-collar crime and Internet crime? There step to the fores to be overwhelming evidence from research that supports the conclusion that age is a agent indoors property crime characteristics. There is a significantly higher(prenominal) representation that occurs in middle to late adolescence and subsides in early adulthood for property crime. This is thought to be associated with adolescent rebelliousness. An overlooked characteristic of youth is that they are also more likely, statistically, to be victims of crime.The majority of crime victims are male person under the age of 25. This is different to the popular legal opinion that would apprise otherwise. It is often perceived that older people have a greater risk however, surveys have identified that older people, and in exception al women appear to be more fearful of crime not victims of crime. uncivilised crime has a gender differentiated nature. Data suggests that approximately 80% of crimes are committed by males and 90% of violent crimes are committed by males. This is supported by convictions and prison races. To understand the victims, it needs to be broken down to more specific categories of violent crimes.For example, males tend to be victims of murder or attempted murder and assault, female are dis proportionately represented as victims of sexual assault, kidnapping/abduction. Although males appear to be highly represented in both offenders and victim categories of violent crime, this does not appear to be the case within categories of white-collar crime such as fraud. The ratio of female offenders to male offenders is higher than that of any other year with ratio of two thirds male to one third female. There also appears to be an unusual relationship between repeat offenders and repeat victims.M any victims are victimised repeatedly. It is suggested that residencies with low occupation rates are often the designate of repeat burglaries. Prison populations also suggest a disproportionately higher population of repeat offenders. There appears to be little data that describes the victims or offenders in relation to internet crime. However, it could be hypothesized that a great proportion of male offenders would also be represented within this category. How much property crime, violent crime, white-collar crime and Internet crime is there in our community?Crime statistics for our local community has been drawn from Victorian patrol region 4 statistics. Statistics for postcode 3129, within this region for 2008 and 2009 using per 100,000 population suggests property damage, theft of and from motor vehicles and residential burglary had reduced substantially but violent crimes including crimes against the person and assault had incrementd. Internet crimes and white-collar crimes were not available. Statistics for the state of Victoria indicated property crime such as robbery, burglary and theft or and from motor vehicles was down where as violent crimes such as assault had increased.Is property crime, violent crime, white-collar crime and Internet crime on the rise, is it stable or is it declining? Allowing for variations within reporting methods and survey results, there appears to be stable evidence that recorded crime statistics show property crime declining for recorded break and enter or burglary and other theft including pick pocketing, bag snatching, shoplifting and bicycle theft. There also appears to be an increase in motor vehicle theft between 1996 and 2001 followed by a decline from 2001-2008.Recording rates for other theft in 2008 as with previous years suggests that it remains the most commonly reported property crime. Violent crime statistics indicate assaults as the most recorded since 1996, kidnapping statistics fluctuated from 1996 2008, homicide statistics also fluctuated but continued to be the second lowest recorded and although the least recorded, there has been an overall increase on sexual assault since 1996. ratiocination There appears to be no uniform measurement system for measuring rod crime. This leads to inconsistencies within the gathered data and the inability to compare between categories, regions and states.Notwithstanding the inaccuracies within the measurement system, property crime is largest represented category and at this submit internet crime has little representation within the data. Whilst we would love to agree with the typical media characterization of an offender, we cannot due to large variations within the data. However, we can suggest the most likely offender would be a young male adolescent committing a property crime. References Collins London and Glasgow (1990) The Collins short Dictionary Plus p. 299 Victoria Police News. My Police Crime Statistics for Your Area. Retrieved fro m http//www. icpolicenews. com. au/index. php? option=com_statistics&task=search Hennessey Hayes and Tim Prenzler (2009) An Introduction to Crime and Criminology 2nd Edition Pearson Education Australia Australian Institute of Criminology. Selected Crime Profiles. Retrieved from http//www. aic. gov. au/en/publications/current%20series/facts/1-20/2009/2%20selected%20crime%20profiles. aspx Last change 18 August 2009 Australian Institute of Criminology. Recorded Crime. Retrieved from http//www. aic. gov. au/publications/current%20series/facts/1-20/2009/1%20recorded%20crime. aspx. Last modified 17 March 2010